2010-04-11

Backlash: The Role of the Asian Financial Crisis in the Feminization of Korean Ideals of Male Beauty

Backlash: The Role of the Asian Financial Crisis in the Feminization of Korean Ideals of Male Beauty

Posted in East Asia, Korean Media, Korean Sexuality by James Turnbull on December 15, 2008
korean-woman-with-gun
(  Source:  RaySoda )
It may be a little premature of me to announce the following news to readers, but then it did make my weekend, and for the sake of those of you who are unwise enough to read this blog at work then perhaps I should use the opportunity to push the rather explicit advertisement in the previous post down “below the page” sooner rather than later.

But seriously though, I am inordinately happy to announce that alongside fellow panelists and bloggers Roger Wellor, Gomushin Girl and Liminality I’ll be presenting my paper entitled “Backlash: The Role of the Asian Financial Crisis in the Feminization of Korean Ideals of Male Beauty” at the sixth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS) conference at Chungnam National University in Daejeon in August next year, and I’d be very happy to meet any readers while I’m there. I understand if you won’t be penciling anything in your 2009 diaries quite yet though, and so I’ll make sure to remind everyone again somewhat closer to the date.
( Source )
In the meantime, you may be interested in the abstract I wrote for it, which I plan to be the midst of expanding into a Master’s thesis by this time next year. While (naturally) rather academic-sounding, for readers unfamiliar with this post that ultimately led to it then it will probably be easier than reading than the 5100 words that I originally wrote on it there:
lee-jun-ki-ec9db4eca68ceab8b0-kkotminam-eabd83ebafb8eb82a8In the mid-1990s, the dominant images of men in Korean popular culture were of strong, masculine figures that protected and provided for women, mirroring the male breadwinner ethos that underlay Korea’s then prevalent salaryman system and which, by dint of being much larger and more integral to the Korean economy than the Japanese one with which it is most often associated, had a correspondingly larger hold on the Korean psyche. Despite this, in accounting for the complete switch of dominant images of men to effeminate, youthful “kkotminam” in just a few short years after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-98, what limited literature exists on evolving Korean sexuality and gender roles in the last decade seems to exhibit a curious blind spot as to possible economic and employment-related factors, instead attributing it to, variously, a rising general “pan-Asian soft masculinity”, the import of Western notions of metrosexuality, and particularly of Japanese ones of “bishōnen”.
relaxed-korean-woman-rushed-salarymanIn this paper, I begin by acknowledging the validity of these factors but argue that the dominance of Japan in East Asian cultural studies has led scholars to overemphasize the latter, in turn ascribing too much agency to Korean women in their late-teens and early-twenties that were the primary recipients of such Japanese cultural products as “yaoi” fan-fiction. This is anachronistic, as public displays and discussions of female sexuality and ideals of male beauty were in reality very much proscribed in Korea for unmarried women before the 2002 World Cup, the locus of which was primarily married women instead. Indeed, as I will next discuss, in the mid-1990s there was an sudden and intense public discourse on both generated by increasingly radical depictions of married women’s sex lives in books and films, partially reflecting the coming of the age of the first generation of Korean women to receive democratic notions of gender and family life through their schooling but then encountering the reality of Korean patriarchy in their marriages, and partially also the concomitant liberation represented by increased numbers of Korean women entering the workforce: small, but growing, and symbolically significant in that they vindicated decades of the relegation of feminist concerns to the wider aims of the democratization movement as a whole, with the understanding that they would be addressed upon its success.
It is in these contexts that the Asian Financial Crisis struck Korea, and married women in particular would be the first to be laid-off as part of restructuring efforts, with the explicit justification that they would be supported by their husbands. Rather than retaining and reaffirming breadwinner ideals of male beauty as encouraged however, in the final part of this paper I demonstrate how images of men in Korean popular culture were suddenly dominated by kkotminam and such indirect criticisms of salarymen as were permitted under prevailing public opinion. This was a natural reaction to circumstances, and I conclude that explanations for the shift that do not consequently take the role of the crisis as a catalyst into account are inadequate.
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In hindsight, my overall argument about the increasing popularity of feminine ideals of Korean male beauty – that it at least partially stemmed from a sense of backlash and anger by Korean married women at their mass lay-offs and so forth – could possibly have been made a little clearer in that last paragraph, but then I was only just shy of the 500 word limit, and I’m not sure that I could have fitted everything necessary in otherwise. But it did the job, and so naturally I plan to write a great deal about the subject here as I work up to my thesis proposal and the conference paper (the feedback would be very helpful, and much appreciated), beginning by belatedly finishing my original  series on it hopefully sometime soon. Apologies for the very long delay to that, and to my one on the relationship between Korean militarism and gender relations also, but the former has evolved a great deal as you’ve seen, and the latter…well, I’ll explain (and hope to compensate for) the delay when I restart that also, hopefully before the end of the month.

Male Beauty Products a Booming Business in Korea



Male Beauty Products a Booming Business

Actor Cho In-seong, modeling for mens toiletry brand Miraepa. Actor Cho In-seong, modeling for men's toiletry brand Miraepa. 
More and more Korean men are willing to do everything they can to make themselves look good. This trend has prompted the fashion and beauty industry to focus on the emerging men's grooming market, as the women's beauty market has reached saturation point.

Beauty product makers have recently released a number of shampoos for men. Elastine has introduced Elastine Homme, a scalp-care product exclusively for men, and CJ has released CJ Lion shampoo, also formulated for men. Even men's hair styling devices are appearing. Unix's X1 Sports Style and World Electronics' CNS men's hair styling kits are designed to help men with short hair to easily style their looks.

Body-shaping underwear is no longer considered just for women. Body Shapers has begun marketing Nipper for men, which makes the belly and waist look slimmer. In the men's body care product department, L'Oreal's Biotherm Homme has released Abdosculpt body gel and slimming patch. "We released them last year, and have received a good response from male consumers," Biotherm Homme said.

The Face, Korea's no. 3 cosmetics company, last year saw men's products account for over 10 percent of its total sales. The proportion of male shoppers in online shopping malls has gradually increased to more than 30 percent.

"As looks are being considered an element of competitiveness in society, basic cosmetics like whitening and anti-aging items are getting more popular among men. Some men who like to style themselves even use light make-up products," an industry insider said.


englishnews@chosun.com / Mar. 12, 2008 08:48 KST




Copyright ⓒ 2009 Chosun.com All rights reserved.

 Original article available here:  http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/03/12/2008031261015.html

These are men?


"Yes, he is absolutely 150% pure testosterone!"



"Yes, he is VERY sure he's a man!"


"You mean to say you haven't seen other men do this?  It's natural!  All real men do this!"



"He's a REAL man, so after this facial, he will have his nails done."

 
"Yes, he has a girlfriend who is completely in love with this masculinity!"
 


"He's starting to look like his girlfriend!  
It must be love!"
 


"Don't be silly!  This is not his girlfriend (from above picture).  This is another REAL MAN!"
 



"Oh my ... what a really HOT, REAL MAN!
(He IS a man, right? Is he or isn't she?)"

 



"WOW!  So macho!"
 



"Yes, he is ooooozing with masculinity!"
 


"Like father, like daughter SON!"
 



"Yes, he has 5 girlfriends..."


"Pssst!  The WOMAN is on the LEFT!"
 


"


Yes, both these chaps are REAL MEN!"
 



2010-04-06

Rain Returns With 'Back to the Basic'

Rain Returns With 'Back to the Basic'


The cover of Rain’s new album “Back to the Basics”
/ Courtesy of JTune Entertainment
By Han Sang-hee
Staff Reporter

Rain is back. He's ``Back to the Basic.''

``Hello, everyone. Rain is back with a ballad,'' the 27-year-old told a roomful of reporters and photographers in Yeouido, Seoul, Monday.

He has returned as a singer, after spending months traveling around the world promoting his Hollywood action flick, ``Ninja Assassin,'' and it was evident he was ready to further wow fans with yet another hot track.

``I needed to go back to where I started from. People have asked me why I wanted to release an album in Korea when I could continue acting in the United States. The reason is I could not forget my roots: my Korean fans. It was my duty and so that's why I chose the title `Back to the Basic,''' he said.

The Album

Although Rain has released several ballads, this is the first time he is promoting his new album with one, which is called, ``Love Song.''

``I've been working as Rain for about eight years now, and I felt I needed to give my fans something completely different. A singer has to evolve with transition; that's what we should strive to do and that's why people love us,'' he said.

``But I promise it's just not me standing on the stage just singing; there will be some dance moves along the way,'' Rain added.

``Back to the Basic'' is comprised of five tracks, including the English version of ``Love Song.'' The four tracks are definitely groovier than his other up-beat and electronic numbers, which were always accompanied by clever choreography that brought out the power and sexiness of the singer. ``Love Song'' was made two years ago by Rain himself, alongside his last hit number ``Rainism.'' It was released earlier this month and immediately topped online music charts.

``I wanted to make tasteful music, not so fancy and decorated. The songs are all based on my experience,'' he said, smiling shyly.

Working for the movie was a difficult time for Rain as he had to stick to a strict diet and workout routine, and he had to go through that again for his album photos.

The singer shows off his chiseled torso in the photos, some with a longer and wavier hairdo, and others with it a shorter style. While previous albums focused on the more masculine and tougher Rain, this one showed a more feminine side.

``I'll be wearing some accessories like bracelets, vests, hats and fake eyelashes. I was serious when I said I wanted a change!'' he said, laughing.

Growing as a Man

Music making and becoming a star cannot be done without the help of others. In this case, Rain was lucky as he had teamed up with one of Korea's best known producers and singers Park Jin-young, or JYP, from the start. When he left JYP and announced that he was starting his own company, some waited patiently, others worried. But in the end, Rain proved that he was serious and brushed off doubts by branching out as a singer, actor, fashion designer and producer.

``When I worked with Park, he was in charge of the music and I was in charge of the stage settings, deciding on scripts for dramas and films and it worked. When I branched out on my own, I had to think about where I was going with `Rain.' As I worked on `Rainism,' I realized that I had talents that I didn't even know I had,'' he recalled.

``Now, I definitely listen to more music and always wonder about myself and prepare for the next step. I think now I finally know what I'm doing.''

But like any other young entertainer who goes through a bit of a slump, Rain also went through a hard time as one of the most popular singers and actors in Asia.

``Living as a celebrity in Korea means you have to hide some parts of your life and must restrain yourself to some extent. At one point, I wanted to give up everything and let go. But now I have learned a lot and I think I'm on my way to becoming a better man,'' he said.

Big Dreams

Rain may have become a household name in Korea and a couple of Asian countries, but he still has a long way to go to be seriously recognized as an actor or singer in the U.S. and European market. Thanks to ``Ninja Assassin,'' he has demonstrated that he has onscreen potential, but what about his music?

``The promotion tour for (the film) made me realize that the world is big and there are so many things to do. I've done interviews and commercials after filming `Ninja Assassin,' and I think it was a great stepping stone in my career,'' said Rain.

The singer apparently had a firm strategy: start out as an actor, be recognized and then release an album.

``Just like with the drama `Full House' in Asia,'' he said.

It seems that Rain may have a head start over his fellow Korean singers, who have strived to tap into the U.S. market for the past few years, but America is a tough sell, and the singer knew that rushing would not be effective.

``You can't just release an album and make a big fuss over it. I would love to start immediately, considering my age, but I must follow the American way,'' he said calmly.

`` There will be failures but there will also be success. I'm dreaming big.''
sunnysnoopy@koreatimes.co.kr